STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF REPORTED CASES OF FERTILITY AND MORTALITY RATES IN NYANYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ABUJA, 2009-2015

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF REPORTED CASES OF FERTILITY AND MORTALITY RATES IN NYANYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ABUJA, 2009-2015

ABSTRACT

This data for this research work titled statistical analysis of reported cases of Fertility and Mortality rate was collected from Nyanya General Hospital Abuja. The statistical tools used for the analysis are Crude birth rate (CBR), Crude death rate (CDR) and product moment correlation were estimated and tested and it shows that fertility and mortality rates have affected the population growth. The correlation analysis reveals that there exist a partial relationship between live birth and death.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Concrete is undoubtedly the major construction material for Civil Engineering and general construction project worldwide indeed, concrete second to lie at the heart of modern civilization since it is difficult to conceive of cities highways, bridges, harbours and the equally important but less noticeable infrastructural services without the use of this relatively cheap, durable, artificial stone. There is scarcely any construction project today in which some form concrete mix will not be poured either to form part of the permanent structure or to provide temporary support in his view that one of the technological impacts of the recent boom in the construction industry is the prominent usage of concrete. Ajayi, (1975) he stated that concrete is the most widely used man-made material Gambler, (1989).

The understanding of the technology of concrete has grown tremendously over the past decades. The technology and design of concrete structure have developed with the wide spread application of concrete in the construction industry. This has resulted to a series of innovation step-by-step improvement and a great deal of self search criticism and learning from past mistakes, in such a developing field, there is a need to pause from time to survey and summarize the whole range of recent development in the industry to emphasize the trends and highlight future possibilities and opportunities this particularly applies to the reaction of concrete to changes in stimuli as well as it. Usage concrete has become ubiquitous material just how we handle it, improve it expose it or cover it up is therefore of the utmost importance. According to Demarco (1987) properties if concrete can be influenced by curing. Noted that in order to obtain good concrete be accompanied by curing in a suitable environment during the early stages of hardening Nevile (1981).

Share these same views as he stated that proper curing practice is one of the important steps in making high quality concrete a good mix which low-cement ratio alone cannot ensure good concrete. It can be deduced form the above statement that during process is indispensable for a good and high quality concrete which is most needed to meet up with the demand of the likely curing condition on the demand of the properties of concrete. Gramblir (1989)

The principle properties of concrete which are of practical importance are those concerning it strength, stress- strain characteristics shrinkage and creep deformation response to temperature variations. Permeability and durability of all these the strength of concrete assumes a greater significance because the strength is related to the picture of the quality of concrete of the various strength of concrete the determination of the compressive strength has received a large amount of attention because the concrete is primarily meant to with stand compressive stresses on this note the strength tested in this research is the compressive strength of concrete the research them is of great important to the construction industry because knowledge about curing condition and their influence on the strength of concrete will save human being or mankind from construction hazard caused during the course of construction work this will also help removed of formwork  during construction hence the time for activities can be predetermined.

1.2     THE NEED FOR THE STUDY

The study will contribute knowledge to the building construction crew and it will be of help in building construction site to provide a suitable method for resolving any problem of curing that arise within the short period of time.

1.3     STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

All the care taken in selecting materials for mixing, placing and compacting will be noted if curing is neglected in most of construction work today curing is not proper handle very well and they are facing a lot of challenge on the construction site and curing is the increase compressive strength and it improves durability, impermeability and abrasion resistance for detail investigating into this indispensable phase in concreting also the fact that concrete components are obtained locally has stressed the need for r e search on the local materials under condition that are likely to be encountered by most of our construction sites

1.4     AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1.4.1  Aim

The aim of this research is to test the influence of curing condition on the compressive strength of concrete with a view to determining the best curing condition for concrete.

1.4.2  Objective

–        To determine the compressive strength of concrete and average curing period.

–        To examine the difference between air cured and moisture cured concrete

–        To compare the results obtained with B.S specification on B.S 8110 (1985).

1.5     METHODOLOGY

The method use for this experimental study collect various material unlike the locally available crushed granite stones and fine aggregate (quartzite sand) from various source they are used as course and fine aggregate respectively. The fraction of different size of crushed granite are in the ranges specified in B.S 812 (1960) and ordinary Portland cement was use as the main binder portable water from borehole is used for preparing the concrete it is also used for curing purpose and various grade for the testing of concrete to determining the compressive strength of concrete

1.6     SCOPE AND LIMITATION

1.6.1  Scope

To be able to achieve the aim and objective of this research four different days of curing of concrete are use for test strength include.

• The days considered is only four which is 3days, 7days, and 14days and 28days are used for the curing In accordance with the current British method of curing.

1.6.2 Limitation

• Other days is not considered.
• The strength of concrete considered is compressive strength this influence may also affect other properties which are not included in this research work.
• The influence of age beyond 28days is not investigated.
• The influence of temperature is not determined.

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