EFFECT OF AMPICILLIN, ERYTHROMYCIN, TETRACYCLINE AND PENICILLIN ON Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM SOIL

EFFECT OF AMPICILLIN, ERYTHROMYCIN, TETRACYCLINE AND PENICILLIN ON Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM SOIL

                                         ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacteria that is found in the lower intestine of warm blooded animals. This work reveals the morphological identification and characterization of E.coli using 3culture media (nutrient agar, blood agar and MacConkey agar), the characterization was based on the biochemical tests carried out with the organism being positive to catalase test, positive to the methyl red test, negative to the coagulase test and positive to the sugar fermentation test. The gram reaction and microscopy revealed the organism to be Gram negative as it did not retain the crystal violet dye with slender red rods were observed under the microscope. This work also reveals the effects of Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Penicillin to E.coli with Tetracycline having the highest zone of inhibition value to be 1.3mm, erythromycin 0.8mm, Penicillin 0.43mm and ampicillin 0.0mm.The most sensitive antibiotic is tetracycline with the largest zone of inhibition as compared to the other 2 (erythromycin and penicillin) while ampicillin had no inhibition zone which indicates the resistance of E.coli to ampicillin.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 1

1.1 Aim of study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- 5

1.2 Objective of study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - 6

1.3 Significance of study - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  6

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -  7

2.1 Scientific classification of E.coli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   7

2.2 History of E.coli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - -- - - - - - - - 7

2.3 Biology and chemistry of E.coli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

2.4 Antibiotics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

2.5 History of antibiotics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  10

2.6 Classes of antibiotics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --  11

2.7 Effect of different antibiotics on E.coli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11

2.8 Antibiotic resistance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Materials and methodology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15

3.1 Materials - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -15

3.2 Sample collection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - 15

3.3 Sterilization -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  15

3.4 Preparation of culture media - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -16

3.5 Preparation of inoculum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  16

3.6 Characterization and Identification of isolates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16

3.7 Gram staining and microscopy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - 16

3.8 Biochemical tests for the identification of isolate - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - -  17

3.9 Antibiotic sensitivity test - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - 17

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  18

4.1 List of tables of the morphological/cultural characteristics of E.coli on culture media - -  18

4.2 List of tables of biochemical test and microscopy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19

4.3 List of tables of antibiotic sensitivity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -  20

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   21

5.1 Discussion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  -  21

5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22

5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  22

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