DEFINITION
Library: - Library is a stored
house of knowledge a repository of information where printed and non-printed
materials are kept. Library is the backbone of every institution without the
library various information cannot be kept for generation to generation.
LIBRARY
AUTOMATION
According to library and
information science, library automation is design in complete system to
accomplish task originally done by hand in the library.
Library automated since (1960) with
development of machine readable cataloguing record recently automation
has expanded include core functions of acquisition control serial control,
circulation and inventory inter-library loan
and document delivery.
According to Ugah (2000) He define
automation as his opinion about the use of computer to carryout library
services.
Berman (1980) defined library
automation as the use of computer and associated technology to do what has been
done in the library with justification reducing cost and increase performance.
Automation: Automation is the
application of computer and other forms of information technologies to process
library operation activities oppose doing the same activities manual.
Advantages
of Automation
1) Automation
make our work job more accurate and easy to access.
2) It
reduce you cost of production in times of stress.
3) It
make our operational activities faster and easy.
4) It
enable greater efficiency in the library.
5) It
bring about collaboration about us with others.
Disadvantages
1) Lack
of power supply i.e. electricity can cause delay in running the library
operation.
2) It
require a computer literate
3) It
is capital intensive (inadequate fund)
4) Problem
of network
5) High
cost of purchase.
Reason
of Automation
1. Advance in technologies
2. Volume of transaction ready to
be concluded.
3. Fund
Purpose
Of Automation In Library
1) To
help in improving productivity and output for service if demand of service
increase i.e. it is confirmed that student use the library when examination is
approaching this means that demand will increase so library automation would
solve most of the problem of manual method of service delivery.
2) To
avoid the need of higher additional staff when the increase demand for services
i.e. save human labour.
3) To
provide need to offer new improved service to patron / users.
4) To
facilitate collection of data or management of information for better decision
making by library manager.
Scope
of Automation
Scope simply means the ways, area
of form library is automated.
1) Identification
2) Location
3) Processing
4) Storage
5) Dissemination
Important
of Automation
1) It
usefulness in service delivery
2) It
enable a manual work should be access into easily and fast means in system.
3) It
enable most documented material to be retrieved fast and easy
4) It
increase output and yield production in the library.
Network
Network is define as a group of two
or more computer system linked together.
Types
of Network
(1) Local Area Network (LAN)
(2) Small Area Network (SAM)
(3) Wide Area Network (WAN)
1).
Local Area Network (LAN)
The computers are geographically
close together i.e. (small building or environment) e.g. in a room or
department, computer centres for the process of data base.
2.
Small Area of Network (SAN)
This network of computer is for
information process and transmission in a building or organization e.g. Federal
Polytechnic Nasarawa library, other libraries within its environment.
3.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
The computer network information
process and dissemination in a wide geographical coverage or area, it is the
computer connected with various network.
Other
networks include
i.
Campus area Network
(CAN)
ii.
Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN)
iii.
Home Area Network (HAM)
Computer
Systems
Computer has been defined by
various people, some see it as a machine for activities of various task.
So as a device which undergo
control of stored programme which accept data in a prescribed form.
A computer as machine
-
Accept data often as
input
-
Process data
-
It supplied data
information (Output)
Characteristics
of Computer
(i)
Speed (ii)
Capacity (iii) Versatility (iv) Reliability
(v) Accuracy
Structure
of Computer
1. Analog
computer
2. Digital
computer
3. Hybrid
or general purpose.
1.
Analog Computer
Analog computer: - These computer
work on continuous variable and data and helps in direct physical quantities
represented. Temperature, pressure, weight, volume of the ship analogue use for
primary function counting or measuring of direction.
2.
Digital Computer
This are computer that recognize
data by counting discrete value representing data / information in binary digit
bit.
3.
Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computer it combine some
features of both digital and analog computer.
Types / classification of computer
1. Super
computer
2. Mainframe
computer
3. Mini
computer and
4. Micro
computer
1.
Super computer
These are the largest fastest and
most expensive computer, they cost several million of dollar and speed between
600 million to 900 million instruction per second.
2.
Mainframe Computer
It is a large computer in term of
size, of price, size of internal memory
and speed.
It is among the computer system in
the 1st and 2nd generation. It storage capacity need
specialized memory 256 megabyte.
3.
Minicomputer
Mini computer developed in 1970 for
specialized test. They are smaller less powerful and expensive than main frame.
Mini is between 128 megabyte.
4.
Micro Computer
These are smaller in size, it is a
computer whose central processing unit (CPU) is based on a micro-processor. The capability is not as
much as mainframe. They are easy to used.
Difference
And Component Of Computer Of Digital Computer
Which are as follow:
1. Hardware configuration
2. Software configuration
3. People human ware
1.
Hardware Configuration
They are machine and other
mechanical device including peripheral equipment that is necessary to perform
certain operation e.g. CPU, Printer, scanner, mouse and keyboard.
2.
Software Configuration
These are program and other system
document that have to be accurate before a computer can perform and programme
these are set of operation in certain activities.
3. People Humanware
People as part of configuration
means that computer cannot work without the people because it need human
programming to instruct it.
Library
Application Area Of Computerisation
a) Acquisition
sub-system
b) Cataloguing
c) Circulation
d) Serial
control
e) Reference
services
f) Inter
– library loan.
a.
Acquisition sub-systems
these sub-system involve the use of
computer and other telecommunication means process purpose.
a. Ordering procedure
when meter order arrived; when they
are being they need to be check to ensure the material are completed.
b. Fund accounting
In the process of financial
transaction between the library and vendor in other to have an accurate
account.
Under the find accounting. The file
are generated
i.
In-process file: The
file provide machine which determine the progress of each order. This involve
placing the order and waiting to known or check what you place.
ii.
Order file: This file
provide information necessary for input to account sub-system.
iii.
Vendor file: this file
provide information and address and other bibliography of the vendor.
CIRCULATION
Circulation
is set to be the image to every library,
it is the basic point where user get
access to the library, ensuring that
material in the library holding are made available to those who need them in
accomplishing those aim in the library work maintenance of record where
materials are located who is responsible for it and when material will be
available for some one else.
Serial Files
They
are general in the central processing unit (CPU).
a. Transaction
file
These are files that contain the record of every
book or document which is not located where it is suppose.
b. Borrow
registration: This contains record for every person direct location of material
charge out the record of indirect borrow.
c. All
card files
This is created to identify book / user when either book card or borrow card can not
be found.
d. Statistical
file
This contains the listing of document or item in
circulating by subject or by patron.
History File
It
contain record of transaction within a period of time, weekly, monthly, yearly
or even more.
Overdue File
This
file contain the record of library borrow or user as part of the circulation
services, this is to make materials available for other users when they will
charge the user days, weeks, months.
Problem of Library
Computerization in Nigerian Libraries
1. Administration
problem
2. Financial
problem
3. Technical
problem
Management Planning and
Implementation
These
include the following
1. Selection
of project
2. Site
preparation
3. File
conversion
4. educational
training
5. System
evaluation
1.
Selection
of project
This involves the selection of team or committee
charged with the responsibilities of planning and implementation the automated
project from beginning to the in public relation include all level of staff.
2.
Site
preparation
This is the process whereby field where users and
equipment like computers will be kept and the place must be comfortable for
material.
3.
File
conversion
This is the process of converting library record
from the manual stated/stage to machine readable format. The process include;
a. Through
a commercial vendor
b. Though
in-house development
c. Through
bibliography utility
4.
Educational
training
The project team must ensure that there is a
training centre to educate the various levels of staff and patron.
5.
System
evaluation
Checking of system after six month or one year or
operation of new system, there is need for evaluating the performance of the
system with a view to determining the level of success of new system.
PROBLEM OF LIBRARY
COMPUTERIZATION AMONG NIGERIAN LIBRARIES
They
include (3) section
1. administration
problems
2. financial
problems
3. technical
problems
REFERENCES
Anonymon (1995) automation of library
archival materials, selective bibliography prepared G.O
Asogwa E.B, and L.L Ezeme (2012) The
need of automation in libraries.
Lecture
Manual
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