EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION OF MASS HOUSING.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Adequate
provision of housing is an important
index for measuring housing standard
among nations. It is difficult to talk about the success of a nation, or
a society within a nation without analyzing its housing situation.
Housing
provides a link between the physical development of a city, and its social and
economics outcomes. The availability of decent housing for each family defines
the level of development which the country has reached. This is because the
social and economic wealth of a country can only co-exist with good housing .
Housing
is not concerned with the design of a specific housing unit, It is concerned
with the design of a whole housing environment which includes accommodations,
jobs ,educations ,health service, etc., in a context which is accessible ,
safe, hygienic, aesthetically pleasing and also sustainable.
Mass
Housing is a term most people use to describe a cluster of high rise ,low cost
residential buildings. This is usually not always the case . Mass housing is
the construction of springing up of a relatively high number of residential
buildings in an area in a relatively high number of residential buildings in an
area in a relatively short period of time due to high demand.
One
of the notable periods which brought about the idea of mass housing and also
came along with numerous housing problems was the industrial revaluation.
It
was called a revolution because it changed the society in a rapid and
significant way. It brought about capitalism and also created a shift from the
agricultural society to modern industrial societies. Due to this introduction
of capitalism and the movement of goods productions from houses to factories,
people migrated from these rural areas of agricultural to cities in search of
new jobs, so as to earn a wage or salary . With time urbanization increased rapidly,
and led to a significant rapid increase in population in the industrial cities.
Because of this rapid increase in population, more and more housing had to be
provided for the labor force. This scarcity of housing led to the construction
of mass housing , which had poor living conditions and were characterized as
unhygienic, overcrowded and also lacked infrastructure and social amenities.
The
world War is another event in history
which affected the provision and construction of housing. After the war,
there was a critical high demand of housing, because of the numbers of houses
damaged or destroyed by enemy attacks, and also in cities which still stood but
had a high number of immigrants in search of shelters. Large numbers of houses
where to be built quickly and economically. The ideas was to design houses that
could be mass produced and prefabricated.
Another
event that has brought about a change in the housing and is present to date is
globalization ,post communism which increased
immigration to developed countries from other countries and
privatization.
Mass
housing would come to be an important and essential development in most
developing countries because of the amount of people moving from rural parts of
the country to the urbanized and developing part.
The
lack and deterioration of housing environments pose some of the greatest
practical and ethical problems which were faced by some developed countries and
developing countries.
Another
contemporary issue regarding housing is
sustainability and sustainable housing. This is because sustainability
refers to the ability of the natural environment to accommodate human
activities, most especially those involving long term economic development; and
because housing provides a link between the physical development of a city,
Which has to do with the environment ,and also its social and economics
outcomes, it is in a position of showing the way a more sustainable
development.
Nigeria
as a developing country, with 36 states, is undergoing a fast process of urbanization. it is a country blessed with
agriculture and crude oil. its major source of income and revenue was from
agriculture produce but after the oil boom in the 1970s, Nigeria started
shifting its concentration from agriculture to crude oil and of 2007 was the 15th largest producer of
petroleum in the world.
Also
it has one of the fastest growing telecommunication markets in the world ,
And
is also developing vastly in information technology. Due to these diversion
from agriculture ,and a vast development in the urban areas, high populations
of people migrate from rural to urban areas in search of jobs to earn a higher
salary and a means of living. This migration means an increase in the demand of
housing in these urban areas.
Mass
Housing is a solution which Nigeria and most developing countries take up as a
solution to their housing problems, but in most of these mass housing
environments, neither the demand of the households and need of space, or the
cultural factors are usually considered during the design process. This coupled
with other factors which not only affect the mass housing environments, but
also it affect the housing of the country in a whole, in one way or the other.
Some thirty years ago, the government moved the
Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria from Lagos to the inner part of the
country towards the center, and the city of Abuja was founded. As the new
Federal capita Territory of Nigeria ,Abuja is a city where urbanization and
development in terms of commercial, residential, industrial, social and
political growth has been in progress and is still taking place.
Today
it is a city of grand avenues and huge complex ,which house government offices.
The population of Abuja has increased
tremendously and still on the production of housing and its demand. It is a
lovely city, but it is also a city which is too costly for most of the
people who work in the government and service industries to afford, and as such
like so many other cities in the developing world , it is surrounded by vast
neighborhoods of poverty, satellite towns, slums, informal settlements and
different mass housing schemes.
The
provision of this mass housing in Abuja by the government is an answer to
providing shelter for people, but in most cases, these developments comes with
negative physical socio-cultural and
economical effects on the overall city.
Also,
the part of Nigeria which was selected
and demarcated to be made the Federal Capital Territory of the country was
already inhabited by the Gbagy people, who are the original settlers. Because
of this, the settlers had to displaced from their place of origin. The Federal
government after this, constructed different mass housing developments in
various parts of Abuja for this original settlers
to be relocated and re-settled.
This
was another development , in which neither the socio-cultural factor nor the
need of space were considered.
From
the present situation of mass housing environments in Abuja ,it seems the mass
housing development are showing unsustainable characteristics.
Thus
this research is based on Evaluation of Management approach to construction of
mass housing Nigeria, by revealing some selected management system to
construction of mass housing and also review the concept behind Mass Housing
Development.
1.1
AIM
The
Aim of this Research is to assess the methods by which mass housing development
can be achieved.
1.2
OBJECTIVES
I.
To
Review some selected management system for mass housing development.
II.
T
o Review some concept of mass housing
development.
III. To analyze some challenges, and possibly
solutions to mass housing delivery.
1.3
scope
This
study is scoped by Mass housing delivery and the concept of housing development
and their approach of management.
1.4
METHODOLOGY
Information and Data’s used for this work was
obtain from various forms and source, were textbook ,sites visits, magazine,
articles, and administration of questionnaires and interviews with practicing
professionals in the Mass housing and Real estate development firms was
observed.
CHAPTER
TWO
2.O LITERATURE REVIEW
There
is no doubt that management inefficiencies have consistently been a major
problems confronting developers in the Nigeria mass housing project delivery.
In Nigeria cities are growing at an unprecedented rate and there is rising
pressure on government to house the
people and provide infrastructure facilities, but in large part government are
unable to match demand and with simultaneous provision of adequate housing and
infrastructure ( Ajanlekoko 2001). The factors responsible are complex , interrelated
and inter connected and range from inadequate financial resource to low
capacity in the public sector to implement project ( Aribigbola, 2008). To deal
with these challenges , new approaches that involves collaboration among an
increasing number of stakeholders are
resorted to (Bennett, 1998) Public-Private partnership describe a spectrum of
possible relationships between the public and private actors for the cooperative
provision of infrastructure service. Largely championed by the word Bank.
Today ppp is widely accepted as the frame work
for resolving the needs /demand gap in the shelter provision.
It is pertinent to observe that in the past years
the importance of the ppp has been harped in by researches. For instance, Akintoye et al,(2006) observed
that ppp is more efficient to deliver adequate housing through a properly
functioning housing market than through the public agencies or the non-profit
non-governmental agencies.
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