Showing posts with label strategies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label strategies. Show all posts

Saturday 15 January 2022

A STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF NEW PRODUCTS STRATEGIES ON THE GROWTH OF FIRMS IN NIGERIA

A STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF NEW PRODUCTS STRATEGIES ON THE GROWTH OF FIRMS IN NIGERIA

 (A case study of Konga Retail Company, Abuja)

ABSTRACT

This research work is executed to evaluate the impacts of new product strategies on the growth of firms in Nigeria. In other to develop and market new product; correct approach must be used to ensure that new product does not fail in the market, thereby making a new productto go through proper planning,implementation and control. The method of investigation applied was sample survey; the study was executed by using statement of problems from which the research question and hypothesis of the research were formulated. Secondary source of data were collected from related books, journals, newspaper, archival records. The data gathered were segmented according to the problems then analyzed using chi-square test.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Many organizations today are focusing on becoming more competitive by launching strategies that give them an edge over others. Sugar companies are equally facing the same challenge in their choice of strategy given the crisis the subsector is currently experiencing. The challenge of liberalization, increasing competition from cheap sugar imports, poor industry policies and structures in sugar industry forms the basis of this study Institute of Economic affairs (2005). It is worth noting that a major part of the industry’s challenges are emerging from the dynamics of macro environment. According to the Institute of Economic affairs (2005), stakeholders have not been involved in the creation of industry policies which brings into focus the role of corporate social responsibility and the resultant outcome of the choice of strategies.         

According to Raible (2013), industrial theory is key in the influence on the choice of strategy and decision making of company. Ramsey (2001) further articulates that industrial organizational theory is reflected in the structure-conduct-performance model, which claims presence of a link between the structure of a market, the organizational conduct and organizational performance. Porter (1981) pointed out that the central analytical aspect of industrial organization theory can be used to identify strategic choices. Product development strategy is recognized and realized through a process whereby those with the power to make decisions for the organizations interact among themselves with other organizational members and with external parties. This study therefore considers choice of strategy mainly in terms of product development. 

1.1   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM        
          Company performance is a function of combination of factors. The concepts

ofenvironment, strategy and performance have been found to have a linkage that derives from the structure conduct-performance (S-C-P) paradigm of the industrial organization economics. Continued existence of house hold product companies necessitates that they continually consider how product development strategy impacts on their performance. How consistent their strategic behaviours are with environmental changes is expected to have implications in their performance. There is empirical evidence of the relationship between choices of strategy on performance of companies. Haeussleret. Al (2012) related development of new products with successful firm performance;Goedhuys&Veugelers (2008) associated product innovations with firm growth while Sharma & Lacey, (2004) found evidence in financial losses to have an implication of product development failures. While different studies have been conducted in different contexts and industries, in the view of the above, this study seeks to address performance implications of product development strategy in terms of development of new products and improvement of existing products in Konga Retail Company, Abuja.         

1.2   OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 
The objectives of the study include but not limited to; 
1.    To determine the effect of product development strategy on the performance of an organization. 
2.    To determine the extent to which new product development and improvement of existing products affects performance of an organization. 

1.3     RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

1. Does product development strategy have effect on the performance of an organization?

2. To what extent does new product development and improving existing product affect performance of an organization?

3. Does your competition hinder new product development?

1.4     STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS         

H0:Product development strategy has no effect on the performance of an organization.  

H1:  Product development strategy has effect on the performance of an organization.   

1.5   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 
The study will be of great benefit to prospective entrepreneur by improving

the performance of the current product line adding new product line. It is noteworthy to maintain that almost in all growth strategies; it follows an up-signing process. This is a management fad used in the context of increasing the size of an organization by mainly hiring more employees. 

1.6     SCOPE OF THE STUDY 
The study is limited to the impact of new product development in an

organization.   
1.7      LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 
In the course of carrying out this essay, certain factors militated against the

smooth operation of the work. The exercise was greatly limited due to some of these factors include: 
–       Lack of funds 
–       Time constraints 
–       Inadequate research materials to collect data such as textbooks, journals, magazines 

1.8   OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS 

PRODUCT: This is a bundle of physical and psychological satisfaction that a buyer receives from a purchase. It includes not only the tangible object but also such supportive elements as packaging guarantee and other buyer value. Kotler, P. & Keller K.Z. (2006)

NEW PRODUCT: This refers to goods and services that are basically different from those already marketed by a firm. Raphael N.H. & Olson D.Z. (1996)
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: Process of developing a new product or service for the market. Ayuba, B. (2009)
ORGANIZATION: Is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.Soroka, (2002)

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: This is the attitude consumer or clients display in searching for, buying, using, evaluating and disposing products, services and ideas which they expect will satisfy their needs and wants.Diana Tweda(2005)

TEST RUNNING THE PRODUCT: This refers to putting the new product or services for sale in a limited selection market.Ayuba, B. (2009)

CONSUMERS: Are people who buy product for the purpose of consumption or use.Kotler, P. & Keller K.Z. (2006).

Thursday 30 December 2021

AN EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES IN MANAGEMENT OF TALBA HOUSING ESTATE MINNA, NIGER STATE

AN EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES IN MANAGEMENT OF TALBA HOUSING ESTATE MINNA, NIGER STATE

ABSTRACT

This project work focuses on the evaluation of effective strategies in management of Talba Housing Estate Minna, Niger State. The specific objectives of the study include to  examine the problems encountered in management Talba Housing Estate Minna in Niger state; to analyze the prospects of residential properties management, to examine the challenges confronting the effective management of Talba housing estate Minna and to identify and examine the effective strategies adopted in the management of Talba housing estate. Relevant literatures were also reviewed to aid the study ranging from the concept of management to its functions. The researcher adopts the use of questionnaires and field survey in gathering relevant data required for the study. Data were also analyzed in tables using percentages. The findings of this project work revealed that, the profound and exacerbating managerial challenges in the estate is not just insufficient fund and changes of management but that of bureaucracy and  to top it all, policy and governmental changes as the major challenges that enfeeble the management of public Housing Estate. The strengthening of managerial capacity, provision of adequate fund to carryout regular maintenance without delay and redressing of political practices that undermine efficient management will go a long way in proffering solution to the above identified challenges. 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION 

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Public estate management is emerging as a managerial science today (Kyle and Baird, 1995). It transcends beyond the role of rent collector (Li, 1997). Managing a residential property involves establishing goals, objectives and policies and implementation of strategies to achieve those goals and objectives. 

Singh (1994, 1996) posited that residential property management is an activity that seeks to control interests in property owner and particular purpose for which the property is held. Wong (1999) considers residential property management as the work carried out to manage and maintain the development including its facilities at the level that will retain or enhance the value of the residential property, create a safe, functional and conducive living environment for occupants, keep or restore every facility in efficient working order and in good state of repair, and project a good appearance or image for the development. Ismail (1996) regards residential property management responsibility as including all the necessary making to ensure the economic and physical vitality of residential property assets. 

The management of public estate assets particularly poses unique form of problems ranging from over inflation of invoices, corruption, nepotism, and awarding of contract works to contractors not knowledgeable about the jobs to be carried out. This array of issues and others, calls for monetization policy of the Federal Government, where all government properties are transferred to the private entities few years ago. 

Many public estate developments and their post-construction management are undertaken with the intent of accomplishing immediate social, economic, financial and aesthetic benefits or returns, but they are executed with minimal concern for sustaining these benefits thereafter (Ihuah and Fortune, 2013; Ihuah and Eaton, 2013). The sustainability of public estate projects after completion is a concern that should not be overlooked in the built environment since housing estates provide shelter to human beings. It is also one amongst the four basic human needs that harmonize the other basic needs through the opportunity of providing comfort, security and safety to people. 

The public housing estates prominence is sustained with appropriate post-construction management and other beneficial sustainability issues are tackled with respect to the built environment, economic growth and enhanced development in a country (Ihuah and Eaton, 2013). Therefore, the imperative to ensure that public estates returns are continually accomplished and enjoyed by all stakeholders should be the objective for any development organisation to achieve. 

The challenges be devilling management of public estates vary with different context and analytical perceptions. The problems of chronic financial crisis, poor maintenance, lack of manpower and strained relationship between public estates residents and the management has been mentioned by (Davidson 1999) as recurring themes of public estate management issues, while Okpala (1977), identified bureaucracy corruption.

This implies that, there is need to look at the management of existing Public Housing Estates in order to restore them back to habitable condition through regular management and maintenance so that the intensity building management becomes higher with its age especially in the face of climatic change and its negative and adverse effects on the building itself, the facilities and the physical environment for sustainable development.

This project work therefore, examines the management of public estate in Niger State with a particular interest in Zuma Housing Estate Suleja with a view to identify the challenges confronting the effective management practice suitable for the Estate and other public Estate in Nigeria.

Public estate management is also the management of government property, equipment, tooling and physical capital assets that are acquired and used to build, repair and maintain the public estate. Property management involves the processes, systems and manpower required to manage the life cycle of all public residential property as defined above including acquisition, control, accountability, responsibility, maintenance, utilization and disposition (Njoku, 2006). 

According to Ebie (2012), duties involved in public property management generally will include a minimum of these basic primary tasks

  1. The full and proper screening or testing of an tenants/applicant’s credit, criminal history, rental history and ability to pay.
  2. Lease contracting or accepting rent using legal documents approved for the area in which the property is located.
  3. Mitigation and remediation regarding any maintenance issues, generally within a budget, with prior or conveyed consent via a Limited Power of Attorney legally agreed to by the property owner.

There are many facets to this public property (estate) management, including managing the accounts and finances of the real estate/residential properties, and participating in or initiating litigation with tenants, contractors and insurance agencies. Litigation is at times considered a separate function, set aside for trained attorneys. Although a person will be responsible for this in his/her job description, there may be an attorney working under a property manager. Special attention is given to landlord/tenant law and most commonly evictions, non-payment, harassment, reduction of pre-arranged services, and public nuisance are legal subjects that gain the most amount of attention from residential property managers. 

1.2     STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

According to Bello (2008), residential property is more than a mere shelter; it includes all facilities within and around it, embracing a bundle of services which entails both product and process. Management of public estate embraces in all ramifications the maintenance and development process, be it economic, social, physical). In fact, management of these properties has been subject of focus by researcher in recent times based on the cumbersome nature of the process. The problem of poor management of public estate is a global phenomenon and the severity of the problem differs from one nation to another and ranges from lacks adequate funding since it is tagged a government property, lack of routine inspection and unskilled management staff due to instability in management from the Government, changes in government, delay in carrying out maintenance work on the estate due to bureaucracy corruption and questionable character of staffs, Strained relationship between public estates residents and the management. e.t.c. However, the researcher seeks to evaluate the effective strategies in management of Talba Housing Estate Mina, Niger state. 

1.3     AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.3.1    Aim

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effective strategies in management of Talba housing estate Minna, Niger State.

1.3.2     Objectives

To achieve the above aim the following objectives will be pursued;

  1. To  examine the problems encountered in management Talba Housing Estate Minna in Niger state;
  2. To analyze the prospects of residential properties management,
  3. To examine the challenges confronting the effective management of Talba housing estate Minna
  4. To identify and examine the effective strategies adopted in the management of Talba housing estate.

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following questions are very pertinent to the achievement of the objectives of  this study.

  1. What are the problems encountered in management Talba Housing Estate Minna in Niger state?
  2. What are the prospects of residential properties management?
  3. What are the challenges confronting the effective management of Talba housing estate Minna?
  4. What are the effective strategies adopted in the management of Talba housing estate?

1.5    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study addresses the evaluation of effect strategies in management of public estate and it is restricted to Talba housing estate Minna, Niger State. This is because the general management is done by the government’s agents. The project work evaluates the management of public estate in Niger State. 

1.6    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH 

Public Estate requires maintenance in order to enhance their values and life span. After the development of public estate, the problem of management set in with few years of completion, other problems began if adequate and appropriate strategies are not employed. 

This research will enlightens both government and the general public on the need to engage the services of professionals (Estate Surveyors and Valuers) in the management of public estate, so that the aim of developing such Estate will not be defeated.

The outcome of this study will educate the general public on the problems and prospects of managing residential properties in Nigeria emphasizing on its proper management and some other management challenges which will form a guide for estate managers in decision making.

This research will also serve as a resource base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic.

1.7    DEFINITION OF TERMS 

MANAGEMENT: Allison (1967) defined management as the selection of goals and the planning, procurement, organization and control of the resources for their achievement.

MAINTENANCE: Lawal M. (2010) defined maintenance as the whole range of operation necessary to preserve a building with its finishes and fittings so that it continues to provide the same facilities and services which it did at its initial stage of development. 

HOUSING: Housing extends beyond the concept of shelter. In the word of Abraham (1980) in his book “Housing in the Modern Market” it is not only shelter but part of the fabric of the neighborhoods life and the whole social milieu. It touches on many facts of industrialization, economic activities and development. 

PUBLIC ESTATE: Are land and building owned and directly managed by public authorities and those rights of control which public authorities exercise over the estate of the private owners. 

ESTATE: Udechukwu (2006) defined estate as “A legal entity denoting the character and quality of right that an individual or individuals possessed on a property. 

HOUSING ESTATE: In the word of Essien G.A (2012) in his Lecture Note “An Approach to Property Development II (Vol. 3)”. “Is an area of land on which many houses are built either by private enterprise or by a public authority”.

DEVELOPMENT: Is the process of generating latent values in land or creating benefits there from by incurring on it costs in the form of labour, capital or management skill (Umeh, 1983).

PUBLIC DEVELOPER: Nathaniel (1979) cited that public developer deal directly  with government involvement in the provision of housing, public properties (Estate) are therefore owned, controlled and managed by Federal, State, Local Government and other public bodies which are set up and functioned under state and their aims is usually based on political, social and economic ground. 

OBSOLESCENCE: Obsolescence is refers to as the wear and tear of the fabric of a building. It is a loss in the usefulness of a building and is a deficiency in design layout and equipment (Lawal M. 2010). 

SLUM: Adetoro S.A and Mbazor D.N (2007) defined it as “An area of advanced blight condition usually requiring cleaning or re-building as the most effective corrective action. It can also be said to be a poor dirty crowded area in an urban area. 

BLIGHT: Babatunde J. (1996) described blight as “Premature obsolescence and physical deterioration or other factors that has become undesirable for or impossible for normal development. Blight ranged from simple to complex.

Saturday 4 January 2020

EFFECT OF MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES ON FULL UTILIZATION OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN AYALA HOTEL GARKI

EFFECT OF MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES ON FULL UTILIZATION OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN AYALA HOTEL GARKI

ABSTRACT

Building maintenance is a subject that has to be considered seriously if building is to live up to its expected life span. This research is aimed at Assessing the Effect of Maintenance Strategies on the Full Utilization of recreational facilities with particular interest in Ayala Hotel Garki Abuja. The researcher adopts the use of questionnaire, personal observation and interviews to gather information/data for the purpose of the research. A set of 67 questionnaires was designed and distribute to the staffs and customers to establishment while 55 were duly filled and returned, therefore the 55 returned Questionnaire form the basis for data presentation and analysis. A descriptive statistical tool was used to analyse the data gathered to ascertain the effect of maintenance strategies on the full utilization of  Ayala hotel. Based on the analysis, it was found that the major cause of maintenance problem were poor construction, lack of preventives and routine maintenance strategies, lack of funds, response time to maintain and usage since these factor are of post of human nature, the researcher therefore recommend that the establishment should adopt routine and preventive maintenance strategies to enable her utilize to the full potential of Ayala hotel and also reduce the cost of facilities management and maintenance.

Project content
Contents of the project

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Facility and equipment assets are a big investment in the hospitality industry, and the establishments need to get the most out of them. Recreational facilities maintenance is the performance of general, preventative and emergency maintenance for a given recreational facility. It involves a combination of actions carried out to retain an item, equipment, system, plant or machine in order to restore it to an acceptable working condition. Maintenance procedures are performed in guest rooms, lobbies, elevators and restroom areas to ensure all equipment and materials are in proper working order. Hotel buildings face constant and heavy traffic, so it’s important to keep everything running smoothly for the guests (Garg, 2006).

Generally, recreational are complex and costly when it comes to maintenance with various uses of spaces that have different schedules and uses for guest rooms‟ restaurants, health club, swimming pool, retail store and each has a functional engineering system required for its maintenance. Maintenance therefore has to be done throughout the year, requiring competent staff to undertake building services, operation and maintenance, supplemented by outsourced contractors. (Chan et al 2001; 2003). In the hospitality industry the maintenance of the engineering systems is important despite its complex processes as its effectiveness will directly affect the quality of hotel service, food, and beverage which have direct and significant effect on guests‟ impression of the hotel. (Chan et al 2001).

The maintenance of buildings is an integral part of property development and management. Anyone putting up a building without making provisions for its maintenance has destroyed that building up front without realizing it (Jones & Eniola, 2016). Maintenance practice of strategy is an attitude which is seen sadly lacking in Nigerian, whether in the home, office, school, or factory. Mbamahi (2003) added that poor maintenance culture has become a widely recognised problem in Nigeria. Maintenance culture in Nigeria is the lowest around the world especially in our principal town and cities. In the rural areas, the story is different and pleasant to hear. The traditional practice of communal clearing of community owned places such as market; playground is in almost every village. In private homes it is customary to refurbish building interiors with mixtures of cow dung or natural red clay.

Strategic maintenance provides services that improve maintenance sufficiency, equipment reliability, and cost tracking. Strategic management is the comprehensive collection of ongoing activities and processes that organization use to systematically co-ordinate and align resources and actions with mission, vision, and strategy throughout an organization. Adebayo (1991) states in his postulation that maintenance manager should have the knowledge and skills necessary to make valid decisions about what to do and how; Strategic management activities transform the static plan into a system that provides strategic performance feedback to decision making and enable the plan to evolve and grow as requirement and other circumstances change. Strategic plan is a document used to communicate with the organization goals, the action needed to achieve those goals and all other critical element developed during the planning exercise.

Faworaja (1996) in Mbamali (2003) asserted that we have no maintenance strategies and therefore no such culture exists. Neglect of maintenance has accumulated consequences in rapid increase in the deterioration of the fabric and finishes of a building accompanied by a harmful effect on the contents occupants (Seeley, 1987). Inadequate maintenance strategy is a peculiar feature of almost every building in Nigeria. According to Rotimi and Mtallib (1995) is partly due to poor maintenance culture on one hand and partly due to the absence of an appropriate benchmark. Gurji (1990) asserted that lack of proper maintenance culture bring the life of a building lost before reclining the total obsolescence state. The declining maintenance culture in Nigeria and its effect on building has become a major problem to both the public and private sectors. A poorly maintained building in a decaying environment depresses the quality of live and contributes in some measures to anti-social behaviour which threatens the socio-political environment it finds itself in.

In the development of maintenance strategies and programmes, health and safety have become fundamental requirements for business success because they depend on good maintenance practices to avoid hazards in the buildings or workplaces. A maintenance strategy sets the direction of maintenance management, whereas the maintenance programme is a comprehensive schedule of maintenance works carried out in a specified period of time. Both however involve a high level of decision making because customer perception of quality is determined by a number of factors relating to services, food, facilities and indoor environment. Management is willing to make every effort to improve maintenance management for energy savings. As such a sound maintenance strategy should be developed and implemented to keep the engineering systems reliable, safe, and energy efficient, satisfying customer needs and expectations (Kelly, 2016).

In maintenance practice several factors are considered before adoption of in-house technicians, out-source contractors, or combination of both. There is no general rule for a desirable ratio of in-house to contracted-out labour force on which management decision is based, but the availability of resources and a number of other factors are considered. Limited skills of in-house technicians in specialized disciplines are the most significant factor driving management to employ outsourcing labour for some maintenance and retrofitting works. Time constraints was considered as a factor since the main income of the hotels are from the rent of guest rooms and the provision of food and beverage services, including restaurants and banquet halls, therefore longer downtime of critical equipment and functional areas will lead to a serious loss of business. As a result, management has to carefully compare the working time needed by the outsourcing contractors with the in-house staff. This research is necessitated to assess the effect of maintenance strategies on the full utilization of facilities in Nigeria.

1.2       Statement of the Problems

Most of the recreational facilities / buildings are in deplorable conditions of structural and decorative disrepair. Series of research have been carried out on factors responsible for the poor maintenance management of public, private housing estates and offices in Nigeria but only scant attention has been given to the evaluation of the maintenance management practices adopted in the implementation of maintenance programmes for recreational facilities. The management of tourism destinations is closely related with the policies that affect local development and the creation of value in a destination. That is why a sustainable tourism development policy should try to obtain a balance between cultural values, environmental attractions and the economic results that the development of tourism can offer to a destination. Poor maintenance strategy is a common scenario in Nigeria as both public and private properties wear a new and decent look at the point of construction and occupation, however, this look fades away with time as the property is put to use and subjected to climatic factors which cause the wear and tear of the property and its members parts without any effort to maintain its functionality and look.  Maintenance problems though do manifest during the use of the building, their cause might be during the design state. The exact nature of maintenance problems in recreational facilities could be traceable to certain factors or conditions that are inherent in the design and production of the facilities. There is therefore a need to establish and assess the effects of maintenance strategies on the full utilization of recreational facilities.

1.3       Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this project is to assess the effects of maintenance strategies on recreational facility, a study of Ayala Hotel Garki Abuja with a view of determining the enhanced value of the hotel.

To achieve the set aim of this research, the following objectives shall be pursue:

  1. To identify the facilities of Ayala Hotel
  2. To assess the state of repair or disrepair of the organization’s properties.
  3. To identify the maintenance strategy adopted by Ayala Hotel Garki Abuja
  4. To  examine the effect of maintenance strategy adopted on the full utilization of the recreational facilities
  5. To examine the challenges associated with the maintenance strategies in the study area.

1.4       Research Questions

The following research questions shall serve as a guide to the researcher towards achieving the aim of this study:

  1. What are the types facilities in Ayala Hotel?
  2. What is the state of repair or disrepair of the organization’s properties?
  3. What is the maintenance strategy adopted by Ayala Hotel Garki Abuja
  4. What is the effect of maintenance strategy adopted on the utilization of the recreational facilities 
  5. What are the challenges associated with the maintenance strategies on recreational facilities?

1.6       Significance of the Study

This study will be essential in the sense that it would not only contribute to the theory and knowledge but will also contribute to the effectiveness of maintenance of building or property maintenance in both private and public organization especially Ayala Hotel Garki Abuja. This is because the study will attempt to find out the impact of poor maintenance strategy on hotel property in Abuja.

Well-structured maintenance schedules in different recreational centers in the country yielded excellent results for hotel operators and others in the hospitality industry, which must be learnt and derived from this study as an incentive to: real estate investors to go into hotel development and management, hotel operators in pursuing efficient maintenance programmes and private companies solely into hotel property management.

This research work would be of great significance and relevance as a source of information which will guide property developers, public and private institutions, students of estate management, building technology, property managers as well as the government and its relevant agencies dealing with property management.

1.7       Scope and Limitations of the Study

This project work will covers entirely the assessment of the effect of maintenance strategies on recreational facilities. The scope of the research will be limited to Ayala Hotel Garki Abuja to enable the researcher have full access to the study area for proper study, observation and inspection.

1.8       Operational Definition of Terms

Maintenance: According Miriam webmaster Maintenance is define as the act of maintaining, the state of being maintained or the upkeep of property or equipment.

Poor: Poor is defined as lacking material possessions or lacking a normal or adequate supply of something specified-often used in combination.

Utilization: Utilization is the action of making practical and effective use of something.

Property: Dictionary.com defines property as that which a person owns; the possession or possessions of a particular owner.

Culture: According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time-culture in a sentence.

Hotel: According to businessdictionary.com, hotel is a commercial establishment providing lodging, meals, and other guest services. In general, to be called a hotel, an establishment must have a minimum of six letting bedrooms, at least three of which must have attached (ensuite) private bathroom facilities.

Strategy: According to businessdictionary.com strategy is a method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or solution to a problem. Or the art and science of planning and marshalling resources for their most efficient and effective use.

1.9       The Study Area

Ayalla Hotels Limited is a hospitality management company equipped with state of the art recreational facilities, founded on the knowledge and understanding that quality and excellent services are the keys to achieving the height in the hospitality industry. The hotel renders and maintains exceptional and quality profile. Duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission, Ayalla Hotels Limited was established and founded on the 16th day of August 2007. Presently, the hotel situates in two (2) cities precisely Yenagoa Capital city of Bayelsa State and the in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja. The hotel provides catering and accommodation services to major construction companies, energy companies, oil installation and servicing companies. The hotel also has a long standing relationship with several world class companies including Shell Petroleum Company of Nigeria (SPDC), DAWOO, Chevron Nig. Ltd, LNG, etc. Ayalla Hotels Limited has repeatedly demonstrated its ability to meet demanding schedules for major clients in both local and international competitive beadings in various categories of operation.

They are also committed to pushing boundaries of technology to maximize their clients profit objectives. The company also retain the services of Trinity Clinic and get approved medical services from other centres as the need arise. A well-equipped First Aid boxes are also provided in our entire front desk department and other strategic locations as well as work sites in the case of external operation. The company also have trained first aiders and fire fighter who take full responsibility of their schedules. In summary the hallmark of service rendered by the establishment is customer satisfaction and efficient service delivery. In the years they have maintain unwavering focus to archive the ultimate goal of the establishment with the core value centred on consistency in service delivery, commitment to customer, capacity building, quality assurance, compliance and dynamism, diversity amongst our people, youth empowerment, development of infrastructure etc.

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