EVALUATION OF THE ROLES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN LAND ADMINISTRATION WITH A CASE STUDY OF AGIS

EVALUATION OF THE ROLES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN LAND ADMINISTRATION WITH A CASE STUDY OF AGIS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

   The former president of the federal republic of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo (G.C.F.R) shortly after assuming office in 1999, directed for the computerization of all land operations at the federal level. The decision of the Mr. President is informed by: society’s changing priorities, globalization and information technology revolution. Nigeria is divided into 36 states and the federal capital territory. Land operations at the federal level in Nigeria are being coordinated by two major federal ministries namely: federal ministry of Housing and Urban Development and ministry of the federal capital territory (MFCT).

Federal ministry of Housing and Urban Development is responsible for the management of all land belonging to the federal government of Nigeria in all 36 states of the federation while the ministry of the federal capital territory MFCT is responsible for all land belonging to the federal government of Nigeria in the federal capital territory only.

  Following the president order for the computerization of all federal government lands records which should include and not limited to the following:

·        The accurate compilation of personal data of applicants for land

·        Storage and retrieval of cadastral information on layouts

·        Security and control access to confidential land information management data such as acquisition, assessments, allocations, valuations, consents, assignment and registration of land related matters.

  Therefore, the computerization of the land records in the Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development is tagged “FELIS” that is Federal Land Information Systems while the computerization of the land records in the Ministry of the Federal Capital Territory MFCT is named “AGIS” that is Abuja geographic information systems. This gave birth to Abuja geographic information systems.

AGIS started in 2003 as a project to computerize the cadastral and land records of the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA), formerly known as the Ministry of Federal Capital Territory (MFCT). AGIS supports the following LA services in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria: preparation and issuance of Certificate-of-Occupancy (C of O) and other certificates evidencing titles, preparation and issuance of Right-of-Occupancy (R of O), production and printing of Titled Deed Plan (TDP), street naming and house numbering, textual and graphic data on the FCT –including land record, aerial photographs, satellite images, engineering drawings, and scanned pictures of buildings– property search and verification of land record and application for land allocation (AGIS, 2009b). More than 80% of the efforts of AGIS are into support of LA and all fees payable to AGIS are directly connected to land and property services. The macro supply-side actors involved in the provision of these services are the FCTA and Julius Berger Nigeria (JBN) PLC (project contractor). The demand-side actors are departments and agencies of the FCTA, professionals, public and private companies and individuals.

 

     1.1   STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

·        Digital device is one of the problems i.e. the gap between those who can effectively benefit from information and communication technologies (ICTs) and those who cannot.

·        Again, the chronic lack of qualified staff and inadequate human resources training has also been a problem for years. The problem hinges on the availability of human capacities that have technical skills, maintenance, designing and implementation of ICT infrastructure.

·          Computer crime encompasses a broad range of potentially illegal activities. Crimes facilitated by computer networks the primary target of which is independent of the computer network device. Examples of crimes that primarily target computer networks or devices would include: Computer viruses, Denial-of-service attacks, Malware (malicious code), Cyber pestering, Fraud and identify theft, Information welfare, Phishing scams (Wales, 2008).

·          Net crime refers to more precisely to criminal exploitation of the internet. Problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully and otherwise.

·          Most IT evaluation also concentrated more on the technical than the social aspects of the system. Consequently, we tend to spend more and more time and use even more refined technological tools for solving the wrong problem more precisely.

     1.2  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

              I.            What are the major challenges militating the effectiveness of land administration services?

                  II.What really are the roles of AGIS in the course of promoting good land administration services?

 III.            What are the impediments emanating from the IT/AGIS application as a tool for efficient land administration services?

IV.            Apart from all this constraint that battles land administration services, what are the major benefits of AGIS on LA?

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this research is to evaluate role of information technology in land administration (e-LA) in Africa through a case study of Nigeria’s Abuja geographic information systems (AGIS).

Objectives

       I.            To examine the vision and mission of AGIS and its operational framework.

    II.            To assess the various tasks undertaken by AGIS in the course of promoting good land administration in F.C.T.

 III.            To identify the factors affecting land administration in the study area.

IV.            To analyze the major challenges of I.T/AGIS application as a tool for efficient land administration.

   V.            To evaluate the roles and benefits of I.T in land administration of F.C.T.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The debate on how e-LA influences social cohesion and economic development in Nigeria is gaining momentum among academics. Yet, how do information technology and governance processes mutually shape each other in Abuja development?

  Generally, e-LA is perceived to improve the capacity of the state to respond to citizens’ needs and demands, to serve as a mechanism for government’s administrative reform and to realize state policies and development goals.

  So, the significance of this study is to aid the government and the academic institution to achieve developmental goals reliable and up to date cadastral records are imperative and this can be achieve through good governance and well managed. Also the importance of this work is to trigger the educational sector and also prospective land owners and some other affiliates in meeting up with the contemporary changes in land administrative services related issues.

1.5     ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS

                                 I.            Since the staff and land owners in the sample population were randomly selected, the subjects in the sample were assumed to be representatives of the population from which they came.

                              II.            The self-reported answers of the staff were assumed to be credible and reliable.

                           III.            The use of experts in reviewing the questions on the instrument, the pilot testing of the research instrument at the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa and a test-retest reliability check using staffs and landowners in Abuja, Nigeria were assumed to provide a validated instrument for use in the research.

1.6     SCOPE OF STUDY

   The studies which cover comprehensively on the role of information technology in land administration services using AGIS as the case study, and other parts in Abuja. This study will embrace also a series of considerations to develop a ‘lens’ for analyzing geographic information systems (GIS) impact issues as reported in academic  pursuit, to ascertain the impact of AGIS on corruption in the provision of land administration services in Abuja and benefits of I.T in land administration service.

1.7  DEFINITION OF TERMS

AGIS: - The acronym AGIS stands for "Abuja Geographic Information Systems". Is seen as a body of knowledge that deals with the acquisition, processing and management of geoinformation, that is, science and technology for the acquisition, storage, analysis, manipulation and dissemination of geoinformation in Abuja. GIS on its own is describe as a computerized tool for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying of data which are spatially referenced towards an effective decision making. (Kufoniyi O. 1998).

 e-LA: - electronic land administration denote those information systems used in support of land management activities it also refers to the decision making and implementation of decisions about the land and its resources. C.P. Lo and K.W. Yeung (2003)

LIS: - land information system is define by international federation of surveyors as a tool for local administrative and economic decision- making as an aid for planning and development which consist on one hand a data base containing spatial referenced land related data for a defined area, and on the other hand of procedures and techniques for the systematic collection, updating, processing and distribution of the data. (Wikipedia, 2013)

  IT: -  information technology is the use of computers to manage, stores, process, protecting and transmitting information as necessary, and later retrieve that same information. (answer.com 2014)   

LAND ADMINISTRATION: -    According to Nuhu (2012), “land administration is a mean by which government offers security of tenure, regulates land market, implements land reforms, levy taxes, sustains the environment and generally enhance the value of land.” Land administration serves as the instrument with which a society ensures equitable access to land by stakeholders within the policy framework of the country. UNECE (1996) defines land administration as “the process of determining, recording and disseminating information about ownership, value and use of land when implementing land management policies.

   

     1.8   STUDY AREA:  A PROFILE ON F.C.T., ABUJA, AGIS.

ABUJA GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (AGIS)

The bold decision taken by Government of the Federation in the year 2003 to embark on complete computerization of the cadastral and land registry of the FCT led to the establishment of an agency – known as Abuja Geographic Information Systems - AGIS. Within three years of its establishment the project was able to revolutionizing the entire operations of the Land Administration and other land related departments of the FCT. Decision concerning land can now be taken from an informed position with a reliable and up to date data. AGIS has become a symbol of transparency and good governance within not only the Federal Capital Territory alone but within the entire Federation of Nigeria. The acronym AGIS stands for "Abuja Geographic Information Systems". The AGIS project includes the introduction of SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure) for F.C.T., the computerization of spatially related workflows in selected FCDA departments and agencies and the buildup of the AGIS Resource Centre. AGIS also is the new FCDA (Federal Capital Development Agency) department for computerized land administration. The "AGIS Resource Centre" is going to be a service company for: spatially related data and services for F.C.T. and a computerized front & back office ("one stop shop") for FCDA departments. The AGIS projects ambitious objective is to establish AGIS as an independent service provider and as the only official source for Geospatial Data on FCT, covering all of FCT:

• Provide a Comprehensive, All-Inclusive, state-of-the-Art, Foolproof, Computerized, Geospatial Data Infrastructure for the FCT.
• Computerize the Cadastral and Land Registry for the FCC(Federal Capital City), the Area Councils and the and Satellite Towns of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT)
• The AGIS Resource Centre is operating: in the AGIS Building, as an independent service provider, as a professional GIS/LIS Resource Centre, as the only official source for Geospatial Data on FCT, covering all of FCT, with revenues (additional revenues, not existing ones shifted to AGIS).

 The bold decision taken by Government of the Federation in the year 2003 to embark on complete computerization of the cadastral and land registry of the FCT led to the establishment of an agency – known as Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS).Within three years of its establishment the project was able to revolutionize the entire operations of the Land Administration and other land related departments of the FCT. Decision concerning land can now be taken from an informed position with a reliable and up to date data. AGIS has become a symbol of transparency and good governance within not only the Federal Capital Territory alone but within the entire Federation of Nigeria. Abuja the new capital of Nigeria came into existence by virtue of the Federal Capital Territory Act, of 1976. The Territory covers a total land area of approximately 8,000 square kilometers, while the City proper is to cover a total land area of 250 square kilometers. A Master Plan for the City and the Territory was designed by the International Planning Associates, (IPA) and accepted/approved by Government in 1979.

AGIS should guarantee: Continuity, Scalability, Flexibility, Consistency, Sustainability, Reliability, and Replicability.

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