STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on drug use and abuse in tertiary institutions, the case of Federal polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawas State. It investigated the extent to which drugs are being used by students. Harmful drugs, subject to misuse as well as the reasons for use were highlighted. Some drugs commonly abuse is also shown. The survey made use of questionnaires to seek students’ opinion on the use and abuse of drugs. Descriptive statistics of simple frequencies and percentage were used for analyzing the data in respect of the research questions. The sample frame consists of 100 students. The research findings revealed that certain pre-disposing factors such as sex, age, family background, occupation of parent etc. contributes immensely to drug abuse by the students. The study also prop into reasons why students abuse drugs. Solution and the way out of the problem of drug abuse in tertiary institutions were suggested.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

The use of drugs by man is as old as man himself. The early history of drug is inseparable from the history of medicine.

Drug therefore can be defined as any chemical solid, liquid or amorphous substance derived from plants, animals or minerals resources which is applied externally or internally to cause some desirable effects.

Also drug can be defined as a substance which by its chemical nature has an effects to open the body of higher nervous system (the mind) the effect of drug could be positive or negative. Depending on the purpose to which  is being used or taken into a living organism produces the desired result and many modify one or more of its functional parts. It is usually prescribed by a medical practitioner. Such drugs or substance are either of vegetable, animal or minerals in origin. They could be prepared for the human body that produces the desired results into the treatment of diseases and ailment.

The negative effect of drug is also referred to as drug abuse. Drug abuse is therefore defined as the excessive consumption of a drug by any individual. Drug abuse results when there is a manner that deviates from the approved medical usage.

In Nigeria lately, drug abuse has risen among the youths due to youth restiveness and unemployment. Attention has also been drawn to drug abuse by necessary agencies like National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) which is saddled with the responsibility of handling drug abuses and trafficking cases. Therefore drug abuses in Nigeria is seen as an offence capable of attracting punishment under the law of Federal Republic of Nigeria.

1.1            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The researcher want to determine the drug abuse effect among students of tertiary institution in Nigeria with particular reference to School of Engineering, School of business and school of applied Science in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa state.

1.2            AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Generally, the aims of this research work is to investigate the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institution in Nigeria and its objectives includes:

i.                   To evaluate the factors responsible for drug abuse

ii.                 To determine if drug abuse is dependent on school level.

iii.              To determine the extent of drug abuse in tertiary institution in Nigeria

iv.              To suggest ways in which drug abuse can be curbed among students of tertiary institutions and the youth in general.

1.3            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

There is need for this study as drug abuse is one of the tools through which youths engages in societal vices. The study allow schools, society and government to identify and known the effects of drug abuse and ways of eradicating it from the society through schools. Furthermore the study also help on the need to integrate drug education programme in tertiary institution curriculum.

1.4            DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research work covers three schools (School of Engineering, school of business studies and school of applied science) in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. The data used were those collected from the students of this various schools in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa state.

1.5            RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The followings are the hypothesis raised in the course of this research:

H0: The drug use and abuse is independent of school level;

H1: The drug use and abuse is dependent of school level;

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

This section will attempt to review the existing literature on drug abuse among students of tertiary institution in Nigeria as related to other parts of the world. These literatures have also shows that ignorance, as opposed to knowledge is responsible for drug abuse by the youths.

What is drug? A drug is a substance used for medical purposes that change the state or function of the body. According Carroll to (1989), drug is any substance which upon entering the body can change either the function or structure of the organism. On the other hand, drug abuse is a situation when drug is taken more than it is prescribed. It could be seen as the use of illicit drugs, or the abuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs. Carroll (1989) further defined drug abuse as the deliberate use of chemical substances for reasons other than intended medical purposes and which results in physical, mental emotional or social impairment of the user. The abuse of legal drugs can happen when people use the drugs in a manner other than directed by the manufacturer or purpose that are not legitimate.

So many reasons have been advanced for drug use and abuse as a phenomenon with a complex etiology. For instance if young men and women who are potential drug addicts continue to reside in the social environment in which past drug use occurred, suggests that the use of such drug may continue. This is because most cases of drug use and abuse emanates from any array of psych-social reasons. Ahire (1990) noted that personality disorders and socio-economic environment are the major determinants of the victim’s involvement in drug abuse. Other reasons adduced for drug use and abuse are:- to reduce stress, build self-esteem, drug availability, peer pressure and the desire to be sociable. As a matter of fact, vulnerability may be inherited in the form of heightened susceptibility to a certain type of drug.

The abuse of various mood-altering substances has been reported to be prevalent among Nigerian youths (Lambo 1960). Moronkola (2003), also pointed out that some substances alter the mind, changed the user’s feeling, perception and behavior when they are used because they exert action on the brain. Global studies on drug use and abuse revealed that early initiation of drug use is one of the best predictors of future drug abuse and dependence, for instance youths whose drug use started before the age of 14 are more vulnerable to drug problems later in life than those who started using drugs at the age of 21 and above.   According to Osayomi (1999) from ancient times, the use of drugs has always been an inseparable part of occultism and the youth in tertiary institutions are deeply involved in this practice.  There are two aspects of danger associated with drugs; the risk of addiction and adverse health and behavioural consequences.

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