STAKEHOLDERS IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

STAKEHOLDERS IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

Stake holders in the provision and management of urban infrastructure include government, private individual community, communities, base organization (C B O’S) and non-government organization (N G O’S). However, all over the world, the government is the main stake holders in infrastructure development it is the government that has the general objective of ensuring the maximization of overall welfare of the citizenry. In contemporary time, it has become increasingly realized that the provision and management of infrastructure cannot be left solely to the government. Private sector participation is now well recognized in this regard, entrepreneurial skills, efficiency in management and the ability to perceive, assess and capitalize on the opportunities created by the centralization of infrastructure are increasingly prompting the private sector. At all levels of government, this role has shifted from provider to enabler, with an emphasis on the ability to act as.

1. Regulator:monitoring service quality, ensuring equitable access and limiting monopolistic pricing.
2. Catalyst: providing incentives as streaming procedures, regulations.
3. Partner: contribute to project financing directly or through incentives and credit enhancement.

Partnership or project based ventures range, from out sourcing design, constructing and management of existing systems or granting new services delivery through “Build, operate and transfer “(BOT) and building, own, operate and transfer” (BOOT) Agreement and outright sale of asset to provide companies. similarly, community base organization (C B O’S) and non-governmental organization (N G O’S) have now been inevitably encourage to partner with urban authorities in the provision of infrastructure in many parts of the world. This has become expenditure against the background of the growing difficulties and limitations of public finance and the reality of the widening gap between the demand and supply of infrastructural service with all its pensive effects. (Babawale, 2004 Overrare, 2005) it is in this context that public-private partnership have been seen as a mean of overcoming constraints facing the public sector in discharging its obligation on the provision of a wide range services to its citizen of an efficient, effective and sustainable basis.

STAKEHOLDERS IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

Public private partnership arrangement according to Mabogurije (2005) is based on the involvement of four categories of stake holders or actors in the provision of infrastructural services. They are:

1. The public sector whose principal role should increasingly be to create and to enable facilities, regulate and monitor such partnership.
2. The formal private sector which because its across to financial and technological more efficiently can play a role in financing and providing certain infrastructural services and engaging in their construction, operations and maintenance.
3. The informal private sector which is actively involved in many aspect of services delivery participating in low income areas and whose potential role in partnership should increasingly be recognized.
4. The community and its representative who have direct interest as services users but who can also involve in awareness raising advocacy, decision making  and in actual provision of service including operation and maintenance and even in construction of facilities. Public private partnership therefore encourage government to move away from direct production and delivery of service.