AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT IN NASARAWA

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT IN NASARAWA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Urban infrastructure system is the state of the efficiency of any form of human activity system. Including an urban area largely depends on the provision of efficient infrastructural facilities and services (Babarinde, 1998). Hence, the significance of infrastructure in the proper functioning of an urban area cannot be dismissed.

Quite apart from being a major pointer of environmental quality, urban infrastructure is a critical agent for the socio-economic development of any urban area (Okusipe, 1999). It plays an important and indispensable role in the economic, social and environmental aspects of life of an urban setting. It has a manifest impact on the quality of life it is a backbone of any economy|: industries need it to effectively and efficiently drive their development processes.

Urban infrastructure covers a wide range of services and facilities, namely electricity, water, road, waste disposal, drainage, communication, primary health services, school and housing etc. as the key ones. These are more often provided by the government. Where urban infrastructure is adequately provided and efficiently managed, productive and profitable land uses are usually attracted towards property development of such area. These uses out compete less productive uses through better rent and price offers. This competition for location with good urban infrastructure usually results in an increase in land and housing value, either sales or rental (Harvey, 1994).

However it is evident that a series of factors such as the present economic condition, governments’ legislation and policies, lack of proper management infrastructure provision come into play to influence property development in carrying out this study, all other factors were considered on why urban infrastructure was affected in relation to property development in Nasarawa. This study therefore highlights the state of urban infrastructure in Nasarawa and its effects on property development.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

The major problem which confronts many urban centres like Nasarawa where the study area was found in yearly flooding after every down pour i.e. raining season. This is caused by the poor drainage canals which have been blocked purposefully by people carrying out unauthorized construction or by share negligence of the urban dwellers to clear the drainages of the places dumping of refuse e.g. sachets water in the drainages which cannot easily melt and total abuses of drainages in the consigned neighbourhood. The uncoordinated physical planning and poor state of urban infrastructure in Nasarawa has kept the area majorly as a slum. The incessant accumulation of solid waste along the roads is alarming. The deposit of waste especially along street has become an environmental hazard due to lack of provision of no designated spots to deposit the wastes for their onward disposal, therefore, poor living in that study area throw them about indiscriminately, even into the drainage canals, hoping that the flood water will carry the waste away when rain falls, another problem faced in the study area is electricity supply which has effect on commercial property development, commercial and industrial concerns need constant supply electricity for their businesses. However the residents of the study area Nasarawa remain without electric power below capacities leading some of the industries or commercial concern to go for alternative sources of power which sometime cause explosion resulting in loss of lives and properties e.g. the use of gas, lamps; kerosene stove and generators respectively in some extreme cases fold up thereby forcing many employees into the labour market.

1.3       Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this project is at assessing the state of urban infrastructure and its effects on property development in Nasarawa.

            To achieve the aim above the following objectives will be pursued.

1. To identify the type of urban infrastructure in the study area.
2. To assess the state of the infrastructure in Nasarawa.
3. To examine the effects of infrastructure on property development.
4. To identify the problems associated with the infrastructure.
5. To offer viable solution to the identified problems.

1.4       Research questions

1. What are the types of urban infrastructure in the study area?
2. What is state of the infrastructure in the study area?
3. What is the effect of infrastructure on property development?
4. What are the problems associated with infrastructure?
5. What is the solution to the problems?

1.5       Significance of the Study

This study is hoped that it will assist the planning authority in mapping out proposal/development plus proper for infrastructure development in the study area in addition it will render meaningful assistance in the strategies for estate layout that will promote urban environmental quality thereby enhancing property development in the areas.

1.6       Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this project is mainly concern with the assessment of the state of urban infrastructure and its effects on property development in Nasarawa to identify the problems and proffer solution.

The following are the limitation encounter while carrying out personal interview in the study area the resident were not comply or ready to disclose any information to me because of security purpose it was hectic.

1.7       Operational Definition of Terms

             The following were the key terms and their dictionary meaning:

1. State: it means the condition of a thing or person as with respect to circumstance or attributes.
2. Urban: it means the relating to, or designating a city or town or living in a city.
3. Infrastructure: it means the basic, underlying frame work or features of a system or organization or fundamental facilities and systems serving a country.
4. Effect: it means something that is produced by an agency or cause, result, consequence or validity to produce result, force influence.
5. Property: it means that which a person owns, the possessions also means land, goods e.t.c
6. Development: it means the act or process of developing, growth, progress.

 1.8       Background of the Study Area

Nasarawa Emirate in Nasarawa State is located in the Central region of Nigeria. It is flanked by Keffi and the Federal Capital to the North. To the South, it is bounded by Benue River and to the west; it bordered the present Gadabuka and Toto Local government area which are of course, part of the Emirate. To the East, it is bordered by Doma, Lafia and Keana Local Government Areas all of Nasarawa State.

The founding of Nasarawa Emirate in 1835 AD was the consequence of palace tussle that arose in Keffi between Umani Makama Dogo then Madaki of Keffi and Jibrilu, son of Abdu Zanga (first Emir of Keffi).

Umaru later known as Makama Dogo was born in 1958 at Ruma village in Katsina Emirate, his father was Usman Kabawana and his mother Amina. Umaru migrated to Zana , having lost his parent where he =-stayed with Emir Musa, he was accorded recognition by Shehu Usman Danfodio, among the jihadists that captured Zana under Musa.

After receiving the flag from Danfodio, Emir Musa sent Umaru Southward of Zana to spread the Islamic faith, Umaru arrived at a place called Zana near the present Nasarawa region. He met Abdu Zanga a Fulani normad from Katsina, they both became very close that Umaru adviced them to present themselves to the Emir of Zana for recognition, this was done successfully, which triggered the granting of a request of Abdu Zanga by the then Emir of Zana to settle in a place called Keffi which was ruled by Abdu Zanga since he was the eldest with Gunki, his Madaki and Umaru as Makama.

In 1802, Keffi was famous for the exploits of the great warrior Umaru and with Abdu Zanga. A misunderstanding between Abdu Zanga and Makadi Gunki later made the duo paeted ways.

On the sickbed of Abdu Zanga, he gathered his brothers and sons and told them to appoint Umaru Makama Dogo as the Emir of Keffi which was never realized after the death of Zanga due to the betrayal to one Albarka. However , Makama Dogo was advised to move Westward of Keffi where the Kwato (Igbira) resides, fought then and established his own kingdom but he kicked against the idea and moved Yankardi, where he camped about ten kilometer South of Keffi.

Makama left his sons Ahmadu Manman Galadima and Manman Sani in Keffi as a flash back. He later left Yankardi where he arrived at a place occupied by Bassa speaking people called TAMMAH, met Bagobiri known as Kasimau, who assisted him in the establishment of a kingdom called Nasarawa (meaning victorious). Makama Dogo fought many wars in the course of his Islamization, fought Afo speaking people, conquered Ubbe, Usheni, Agwadama, Itta and Gwaffa.

Makama Dogo also conquered Panda due to some misunderstandind between him and Ohimege (the ruler of Panda). Makama Dogo fought the people of Toto (Igbira people) because of the combination of Islam and traditional way of worship by the people. After fighting other kingdoms like Dogo, Agaza and Udeni, Umaru told Madaki Ahmadu his eldest son to continue leadership after his death and should please be buried in Nasarawa town.

Physical Characteristics

The major things considered under physical characteristics of Nasarawa are, geographical location, temperature, rainfall, geology, wind, vegetation, humidity, soil.    

Temperature

The temperatures are generally high during the day, particularly between the months of March and April. The main monthly temperatures in the state range between 20⁰C and 34⁰C with the hottest months being March/April and the coolest months being December/January.

Rainfall

The study area experience dry season without or little’s rainfall from November to March of about 95mm, which is wet season is from April to October of about 1.30mm,

Geology

From the Jos Plateau, this comprises of basement complex metamorphic rocks, granite and basalt of two or more ages. The basement complex is covered by shadow soil.

Wind

Nasarawa local government is determined by the seasonal movement on inter-tropical convergence zone [ITCZ], which represents the moving frontier between the moist Atlantic air from the south and the dry air from the north. In the dry season from November till March the north east wind are dominant. For the remaining of the year, the south-western winds are prevailing. Generally, the wind velocity is relatively low.

Vegetation

Nasarawa is situated in the Benue valley between the Benue river and Jos Plateau. This area lies within the part of southern guinea savannah. The vegetation of Nasarawa has, to a large extent resulted from extensive agricultural use of the land, the predominant vegetation type is partly savannah which is characterized by a discontinuous canopy, shrubs and grasses many areas are affected by man through bush burning during the dry season. Among the common trees are oil bean trees, locust bean free and isoberline trees.

 Relative Humidity

The relative humidity is the measurement of deepness of the atmosphere which varies from place to place and different time of the day. The level of humidity in Nasarawa state in January is quite less that 40% which rises as from February to July to about 88%. By April when the steady rain commences it will be about 75% by August when the inter-tropical discontinuity is at it northern part, must position of the entire state will experience tropical marine wind and continues till December.

Soil

The major soil units of Nasarawa belong to the category of oxisols or tropical ferruginous soils. The soils are derived mainly from the basement complex and old sedimentary rocks. Lateritic crust occurs in extensive areas on the plains while hydro orphic soils (limbic incept sols) occur along the flood plains of major rivers (Nyangba, 1995).

 Socio-Economic Characteristics

Nasarawa main economic activity is agriculture; cash crop, such as yam, cassava and egusi (melon). Production of minerals such as salt is also another main economic activity of people in the state; Nasarawa produces a large proportion of the salt consumed in the country.

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