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Wednesday, 8 March 2023

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WEB -BASE CHAT APPLICATION FOR STAFF OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WEB -BASE CHAT APPLICATION FOR STAFF OF COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

A Case Study of Computer Science Department

ABSTRACT

This project is to design and implement Chat Application for Staff of computer science departmentof Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. It substitutes the manual mode of communication. This project basically substitutes manual methods of communication in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. PHP is used to design this program and linked to MySQL which was used to create the database. The primary activities in the application include staff and signup, uploading of profile, pictures, and articles, compose and received mail and Chat platform, generating the reports. This project work gives the meaning and significance of Computer. The Chat Application can help to maintain existing relationships and share vital information as well as pictures and other relevant messages, and establish new ones by reaching out to people you’ve never met before by using computer or mobile phone.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

The term web is an interesting thing in which people would like to gain much insight about. The web is a formatted document that contains information of an organization or an individual or group of individuals that is usually written in a Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) language or Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). Which usually contain links that a user can use to move or jump from one page to another or from one location to the other.

Web based Chat: Is a Technology that is relatively new to the general public for instant Messaging (IM). Is a form of real –time direct text based communication between two or more people using personal computers or other devices, along with shared clients..

The user’s messages are conveyed over a network, such as the internet. More advanced instant messaging software clients also allow and enhanced mode of communication, such as live voice or video calling. Instant messaging falls under the umbrella term online chat as text-based networked communication system, but its distinct is that it is based on clients that facilitate connections between specified known users (after using Buddy list, friend list or contact list) whereas online chat also includes web-based Applications that allow communication between (often anonymous) users in a multi user environment

Instant messaging (IM) is the collection of technology use for real-time text-based communication between two or more participant over the internet. Thus removing some of the difference between instant messaging an e-mail (often done by sending the message to the associated e-mail account).

Instant messaging allows effective and efficient communication, allowing immediately receipt of acknowledgment or reply. In many cases instant messaging includes. Additional features which can make it even more popular for example, user can see each other by using webcams or talk directly for free over the internet using a microphone and head phone or loudspeaker.

1.1 Background of the Study

Internet communication is getting more and more popular among the public. Apart from using telephones or automobiles and sending mails, people can now communicate with each other through the chat technology. The chat, in fact, is a kind of Internet technology that supports human-to-human communication. ICQ, for instance, is one of the latest chat. Over the past three years, with the advanced level of technology, there is an increasing trend of using ICQ for communication. With ICQ, users can chat, send messages, files and URL’s or play games with others users in real time. Because of the proliferation of using the chat like ICQ, studies have been focused mainly on its impact on our society.

Much of the work stresses the good impact of the chat. Hauben’s (1997) writing suggested that as the impact or influence of first impressions is removed, users are free to communicate without fears, limits or apprehension through the chat. This statement actually points out the main reason for the increasingly use of the chat. Only one advantage, however, seems inadequate to attract such a huge number of users to use the chat, so it seems that there may be other benefit. Accordingly, Licklider (1997) claimed that people can communicate online with others who have similar goals and interests, thus their life will be enriched and communication will be more productive and more enjoyable then. Although Licklider is actually the prophet of the Net, it seems that the chat really has this benefit.

Some studies, however, have taken a different approach by looking not so much on the advantages of the chat, but focusing more on its related problems. Randall (1997), for instance, mentions that problems have actually been existed. First of all, there is no doubt that the chat users will not use their real identities for communication. They will rather create a new cyberspace identities which are very different from their real ones. Because of this, Randall argued that such behavior makes people difficult to switch back and forth between these two identities. To him, those who have developed multiple cyberspace identities for Internet communication are the most sophisticated rhetoricians on the Internet. In fact, Randall questions whether it is credible to create a new identity when communicating through the chat.

In Randall’s viewpoint, on the other hand, the purpose of people who use the chat is for socializing. But he emphasized that such kind of socializing is different from that in the real world, as the former only involves the exchange of words with other users but the latter means to interact with others face-to-face. While the trend of using the chat is increasing, Randall suggested that children and youths will be discouraged from the normal social contact but will adopt cyberspace contact instead. However, although the chance of happening this phenomenon is quite high, it seems neither right nor wrong according to Randall.

While educators and students are expecting online education to be existed, Randall has already shown concern on the consequence of using such kind of education. In his point of view, the traditional teacher dominance of the classroom will be reduced, no matter this education is workable or not, because of the poor financial situation of the government. It seems that unemployment will be resulted in the near future.

To sum up, the chat has good impact on the society but problems exist at the same time. However, these problems are not serious in fact. Therefore, even if these problems exist continuously, the chat technology will still become central to our lives and it has already begun actually.

1.2 Statement of Problems

In most organization ,the dissemination of information to co-staff is extremely tedious due to the type system used that is manual method such as memo, verbal communication .Below are the challenge faced by the manual ,method of communication between the staff in the department of computer science;

Delay in messages getting to its destination: message are types or written and passed from one person to another and before it gets to its destination , it takes time , thus the need for web base chat arises where messages are sent and received without any hindrance.

The problems however are that, as we continue to witness growth in educational sector for example, the need to automate and make the system more viable and efficient to deliver quality services becomes imperative.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this project work is to design and implement a Web base Chat Application system for staff of computer science department of Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa.

Objectives of the study

To enhance easy dissemination of information among the staff of the department
To shared ideal among staff of the department.
To secure a reliable communication among the staff and of the department.
To support mutiple user and allow the creation of group where imformation are post.

1.4 Significance of the Study

In any research work or proposed system its significance must be clearly stated in order to bring about meaning to the study and also to strengthen the flexibility of the proposed system in its mode of operation.

The proposed system will ensure the following:

There will be reduction in the stress of passing information.

To provide high level of privacy.
The design will provide maximum security for users message.
Support multiple chating or user

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this project work is to design and implement Chat Application system for Staff of Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa.

Limitation

Constant internet service has limit the use of the system.

1.6 Research Methodology

In this project work, the following research method had being used to achieved the proposed system.

PHP
MYSQL
XAMP SERVER

1.7 Definition of Terms

Php: It stands for pre hyper processor. Is a general purpose server side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It is one of the first developed server side scripting languages to be embedded into an html source document rather than calling an external file to process data.

MYSQL: it stands for my structural query language. Is an open source database management system and is used in some of the most frequently visited website on the internet.

Browser: Is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.

Server: is a physical computer (a computer hardware system) dedicated to running one or more such services (as a host) to serve the needs to users of the other computer on the network.

CIS: it stands for centralized information system. It is a system that controls information. It can be in terms of resource sharing, accessing, modifying and updating of data.

Xamp Server:Is web development plate form on window allowing you to Create dynamic web application with Apaches, PHP and MYSQL.

Input: This is the key word used in entering or keying data into the computer.

Output: This is the key word used to outage data entered into machine/computer as information to the user of the machine.

Flowchart: This is a pictorial formed in segment of step performed for solving the particular problem and shows the steps which correct line and arrow to indicate the order in which the step are performed.

Database:Is a collection of organized or structured data, which has a mechanism for manipulating the data.

THE IMPACT OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION

THE IMPACT OF STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION

(A case study of Dalhatu Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State)

ABSTRACT

The study examines “The Impact of Staff Training and Development on Employee Performance” using Dalhatu Arat Specialist Hospital, Lafia as a case study. the study is a survey research. The main instrument for data collection is the survey questionnaires. The sample percentage method was applied for data analysis. Major findings of this investigation includes: better work performance is positively correlated with staff training and development is not a waste of funds. The study advanced some suggestion thus, there is a need to provide modern facilities for better performance; due process should be observed when selecting staff training and development programme and submission of training and development proposal should be done annually so that it can be taken care of in the annual budget.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

All over the nation people are aware of the impact of training and development on employee’s performance in an organization. Hence, for any organization to strive its staff should be developed and trained on the job in which they are performing.

The oxford advanced learners dictionary of 5^th edition defined training as the acquisition of knowledge or skills, and development as the application of the acquired knowledge or skills.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The Background of the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia it is a Health Institution Commissioned on Friday, the 9^th of April 1999 by his Excellency General Abdul–Salam Abubakar GSFR, DSS, MNI Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of Federal Republic of Nigeria and hospital is located along Shendam Road Lafia Township Nasarawa State.

It is made up of three (3) departments. These are:

Administration department.
Clinical department
Finance department.

The department is made up of several units for easy effective functions.

1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, lafia in particular, more importantly the ways and the manners that training and development opportunity given to staff. Training and development in organization cannot function well; there would be decrease in productivity. Thus it is always necessary to have staff trained for higher performance/productivity.

A lot of literature exists about training and development of staff in an organization some of which agreed that to be trained is an investment to such organization.

The research problems are therefore the questions to whether

Training and development enhances productivity and performance.
Do hospital actually allowed their staff to go for training?

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives off this study are as follows:

To highlight the negative consequences of lack of training on employee performance.
To examine the effect of staff training and development on employees performance.
To suggest possible management strategies towards improving the system of staff training and development in Dalhatu Araf specialist Hospital Lafia.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is restricted to the consideration of staff training and performance in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia only. Thus, study of other public organization is outside the preview of this research work.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limitation of the studies is insufficient time with the project, insufficient capital or money of the researcher and the limited time given to the researcher.

1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be off value to the personal practitioners and students alike as well as policy matters. Moreover, the study is a contribution to existing body of literature in area of employee training and development.

1.8 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In the course of the research work, the researcher was able to ask questions which were understood to have assisted in gathering relevant information. Below are some of the questions:

To what extent has staff training and development on employee helped in organization?
What are the problems encountered by the training and development in an organization?
What are the various measures introduced to boost staff training and development in financing and how this has affected the realization of the set goals?
What are the causes of changes in staff training and development on employee’s performance in an organization?

1.9 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

The research is interested in determining whether training and development policies in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia is encourage for the purpose of this research work, I hereby formulate the following hypothesis.

H_o: Training and development has significant impact on employee’s performance.

H_I: Training and development has no significant impact on employee performance.

1.10 DEFINITION OF TERMS

TRAINING: Training can be described as an organization effort to change the behaviour attitude of employees so that they can perform to acceptable standard on job. (Nmadu 1999: 98).

PERFORMANCE: Job performance can be defined as behaviour that is relevant to organization goals and can be measured in terms of each individual’s proficiencies or level contribution (Wright and Noel 2000: 290).

EMPLOYEE: Is a person engaged or employed on a regular basis to work in an organization with responsibility for which he/she is paid.

PRODUCTIVITY: Is defined as the output ration within time period with due consideration of qualities (Poole and Warner 1998: 127).

DEVELOPMENT: Is defined as a process of growing in human resources by which an individual acquired skills, knowledge, and attitude and value needs for success.

MOTIVATION: It is a general time applying to the entire class of drive desire in needs. Wright and Sililar faces employed for maximum productivity (Kootz H. and Wcihrich 1990: 18).

EMPLOYER: This is he/she that organization gives works to employee whom is later paid by wages or salaries.

PERSONNEL: This refers to an employee or staff or any given organization (oxford English dictionary fifth edition).

INVESTMENT: This can be means as using of money, time etc to earn interest or bring profit.