EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAMME IN SOME SELECTED SCHOOLS IN LOKO DEVELOPMENT AREA, NASARAWA STATE
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
This study
tends to evaluate the guidance and counseling programme in some selected
secondary school in Loko Development Area inspectorate. A questionnaire
containing eight (8) items was administered to 200 students and 15 counselors,
total of 215 respondents was used for this study. 5 research question and forty
(40) assumptions were formulated and answered and tested respectively using
simple percentage statistical tool. The study revealed that guidance and
counseling programme has made positive impact in the life of the student with
(77.3%) agree as most of the counselors organized career week treated them like
mothers and fathers and for all advice and assisted them for career choice on
what they will become in future through subject choice (with 54.1%) even though
time for counseling is inadequate with other problem that may not be avoided,
the researcher recommended that adequate measures should be made for the
provision of professional and trained counselors with good enabling environment
for them to work.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Guidance and counselling is a field of
study that has been introduced in our school curriculum in order to produce
professionally trained personnel who will render retentive and problem solving
services to individuals or group in all area of life shows that its services
are needed almost every where both hospitals, nursing home, rehabilitation
centre, schools, banks, social welfare’ units, police stations, church and
mosque e.t.c although here in Nigeria, the services of guidance and counselling
is most pronounced in the schools.
The knowledge of guidance and counseling
is most pronounce who practically applied to students to guide tern against
problem that might arise due to wrong decision making and action and also aim
at proffering solution to existing problems.
The existence of guidance “and
counselling can be said to be as old as mankind, right from creation, man has
never been all-knowing; he lacks knowledge in one things or the other and there
fore seeks help from other people towards the solution of his problems.
Traditionally, the importance of
guidance and counselling can not be over emphasized people sought for advice
and help from other who are more knowledgeable, experienced or rise from
solution of their problems, the traditional counselling could be those men and
women who possessed supernatural power of healing, foreseeing the future and
mediating between man and the god, these people served as consultant and then
preferred solution to most of the problem brought before them due to the
simplicity of man and his environment then.
However, due to the complexity of the environment and
the society at large, the overall philosophy and objectives of the nation of
the word, the service provided by the traditional counseling apparently become
inadequate. Various problems and confusion are encountered by people in all
areas of human Endeavour as Rocher (1991 .1) notes;
With the tremendous increase in the number of students in the
institution of higher learning extremely wide range of course of study and job opportunities,
rapid charging mo/work of work and great complexity of students needs and
problems, there is a definite need for providing a fine nucleus of guidance and
counseling by matured, experience and professionally qualified person for the
development of all the unique potentialities of the students for individual
fulfillment in particular and social (p1) and natural upliftment in Nigeria.
This fact makes tend to have
professionally trained guidance and counseling personnel in all works of life
especially in our Educational institution very compelling this win minimized
what would have been in mistakes to a very minimal and bearable degree.
From the aforesaid, there is no doubt
that the realization of our Education institution objectives depends mostly on
a full guidance and counseling programme. The Federal Government of Nigeria is
realized its immense importance of therefore is regarded it’s as a vital tool
for the realization of the national objective and clearly state in that
National Policy on Education that;
In view of apparent ignorance of many young people about
career prospects and in view of personality maladjustment among school
children, career offices and counseling will be appointed in post primary institution.
(F.G.N 1998 p43).
Base on this, “counseling is expected to
be on integral cost effective component of the Educational process aimed at
curbing wastage of talent and enhancing appropriate decision making and
personal adjustment”
According to Denga (1986) “it was also envisaged tat
by 1980, a school in Nigeria”.
However, in spite of this laudable
gesture by the Federal Government and the higher expectation and aspiration of
people, there seen to have been no impressive impact of Educational
institution. Many students clue to parental, peer groups, societal
(environmental) influenced among other reasons make devastating mistakes that
hamper their happiness in life and add to the already existing societal
problem.
It is therefore very pertinent that most
of the ill and vice in our society should be check through our institutions of
learning to achieve this effort should be made to improve the situation through
guidance and counseling programme school especially in our secondary school
where most of the Educational and societal problems have their foundation.
To this effort therefore, the Federal
Government of Nigeria come up with the National policy on Education with,
emphasis on the introduction of guidance and counseling in our schools. This
fact gives rise to this study which focuses attention on the evaluation of
guidance and counseling programmes in secondary school in Nasarawa state.
According to the information made
available by Mallam A. in his book titled “Guidance and counselling beginners
guidance (page 11) (2000) the practice of guidance and counselling is not new
in the society right from the creation and early time, the need for man to exist
well in his society and satisfy his wants have been there, man exist in
ignorance and when guided, he performs and achieves his optimum goals.
Also in the traditional society our fore
fathers practiced guidance and counselling, they led their children through a
vocation e.g Fishing, caving, weaving and wood cutting.
But modem guidance and counselling as
practiced now in our school system originated for America in the Late Eighteen
ninety (1890s). It started with complicated environment force couple with
social force such as Family disorganization, mental / health movement programme
the increasing student population problem who terribly, literogeneous terms of
their learning readiness, professional and psychological worries and many other
problems that live of the people.
Frank Parson of Boston viewed the above problem and saw the
need for starting a vocational guidance in 1908 whom today is regarded as the
Father of guidance. Frank Parson wrote a book on choosing a career or a
vocation in 1909.
In his book parson (1908) outlined the three phases in
dealing with problems of vocational choice as follows;
1) Knowing the
person: through understanding of the
person through the data collected about him or her.
2) Knowing the
job: Understanding the work and the
nature of the desired job entry requirement, condition for advancement and
other remunerations.
3) Making a match between the person and job based on a
reasoned consideration of the two factor above
Another notable contributor to the
movement was Jessie B. Danes who applied the process of career in choice laid
down by person to locate himself in teaching profession. In addition he
emphasized the development of character in his book, moral and vocational
guidance services in settle Washington where
she helped students to excel in the stiff competition to find a place in life
since then guidance and counselling as a discipline has been adopted in many
countries of the word including Nigeria
by Annay Reed established.
1.2.1
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING IN NIGERIA
However, the development of guidance and
counselling in Nigeria
according to Mallam A. Yakubu (2000) is started at the close of 1959 when a
group of reverend Irish sisters at St. Theresa’s college, Oko-Ado, ion Ibadan saw the need for
vocational guidance of the final year school. Certificate female student of
their college. Then invited twenty (20) outsiders who were Government officials
from the ministries and some prominent men from Ibadan community to advice them on placing of
sixty (60) of their girls leaving school that December, 1959. These men were
not trained counselors but they definitely know more about the emerging word of
work than the students and the religious sisters. This led to the establishment
of Ibadan
career council in 1961. The same body became Nigeria career council in 1967.
According to Akingboye (1907) and Donga
(1983) can be traced back to the effort of the publication in 1977 of the
National policy on Education which under scoped the need for the programme. It
also outlined its significance toward the effective implementation of the
Nation’s now Education policy the 6-3-34 system.
This new system of Education gives the
students an ample opportunity to use the first three years of secondary school
Education to explore all the subject areas both in art and, science to
determine where be or she fits in well. The student is also exposed to
different vocations to make himself retired after his Education. Thus, the
formation of guidance and counselling body called Nigeria career counselling in 1967
for the dissemination of career information and attending to problems relevant
to careers. So to support this white man in 1961 to serve in the Federal
ministry of Education.
This source has it that this official
gesture went a long way to stimulate and guidance and counselling in the then
western Nigeria which has already established an advised teachers collage at
Ibadan that the fist worship on vocational guidance and counselling in Nigeria
was organized in 1961 by the Federal ministry of Education.
From all indication, it can be deduced
that the first indigenous few fledge department of guidance and counselling in Nigeria started
at the University of 1.badan in 1975 and the inauguration of the counselling
association of Nigeria (CASSON) in 1967 at the some university.
Today, one is glad to observe that many
universities in Nigeria - Ibadan, Jog, Ilorin, Nsuka, Benin,
Zaria, Abuja,
among other have programmes for training of guidance and counselling
specialists.
However, there are still some teaching
problems militating against its defective’s growth. Examples of those problems
are: - Lack of fund, lack of office accommodation, and shortage of training
counselors and so on this is fully described in chapter two.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
The emergence of guidance and
counselling in our Educational systems is very timely given the type of society
we found ourselves. Despite it’s a numerous advantages to the systems, the
discipline if aced with a lot of problems which are militating against its effective
- hence this research undertake her research work to evaluate the guidance and
counselling programme in some selected secondary schools in Lafia area
inspectorate office, Nasarawa state.
To do this the researcher will seek the answer to:
1) Area the trained personnel available?
2) Area the necessary facilities to make the job of the
guidance and counselling effectives provided?
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
This study is intended to evaluate the
guidance and counselling programmed in secondary schools under study. To
achieve her objective, the researcher will critically examine the way and
manner the programme is run in the state so- as to:
1. Determine the extent of development of the programme
in the area under study
2. Identify the major factor affecting the performance in
the state.
3. Gives suggestion on how to improves on the programme.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study is important because if
diligently carried out will serve as a tool to identify the extreme of
development of guidance and counselling programme in the state and identify the
major fact that hampers its effectives utilization as one of the Educational
for services iii the realization of the Nation objective utilization as and
goal. The result of the finding will direct all individual or group to the
contribute positively to the realization of the general objective of the new
Educational objectives.
So for, the students; this research wok
will make him enhance and self fulfillment because it will help him to appreciate
the guidance and counselling services and to use it to achieves his life goals.
For the parents this research work Will
makes tern to re-organized themselves and modify their demands and expectation
on the students in the light of changing friend in the society.
For the principal it will make him
realized that guidance and counseling is a relevant tool to the realization of
Education objectives as contained in the 6-3-3-4 system of Education. It will
also help him to maintain and evaluate attitudes of student to words the
performance. The principal promotes guidance programme for his school e.g he
present the proposals and report to the Government through the ministry of
Education on the require for guidance service in his school.
For Teacher, it will enable him know his
defined roles in the Education of the student and avoid duplication of efforts.
For Government, it will help to have first hand information on the handicaps of
the schools and striver to provide necessary assistance for effective guidance
and counselling programmes.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In the course of study, the following
are question will be answered.
i.
How Qualified are
the counselor?
ii.
Do counselor have
enough facilities to work with
iii.
Are student
willing to visit the counselors.
iv.
What is the
relationship between the counselor and their colleagues in the school?
v.
Is there enough
fund for the counselors to discharge their professional duties.
1.6 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
In this study, the researcher assumes
that:
i.
There are inadequate
trained counselors in Nasarawa state.
ii.
There is low
level of awareness of the existence and the importance of the programme among
the students in the area under study.
iii.
Counselor lacks
private office accommodation and other necessary facilities.
iv.
There is no
enough funds and time allocated to counselling is hardly adequate.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The researcher intends to evaluate the
guidance and counselling programme in some selected secondary in Loko
Development Area office Nasarawa states.
For effectiveness some school were
randomly selected in Loko Development Area inspectorate office. They are:
i.
Government
secondary school Loko
ii.
Government Junior
secondary school Loko
iii.
Government
secondary school Aisa
iv.
Government
secondary school Aza
However, the target population is
restricted to senior secondary school SSS 1-3
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the purpose of
clarification and easy understanding, the researcher has chosen, to define some
of the terms used in this study as they relate to Education.
GUIDANCE:- Is assistance made available by personally qualified and adequately
trained man and woman to an individual of any age to help him manage his own
activities, develop his own point of views, maker his own decision and carry
his own burden” Crow and Crew (1960). COUNSELLING:
- A process by which a person with problem is helped by a professional
counselor or voluntarily change his behaviour clarify his attitude, Ideas and
goals so that his problem may be solved” Idowu (1986). It is a one to one face
to face in relationship between a counselor and a client.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING: - This is an Educational service given to the
student to help them most their need, aspirations, objectives and goals.
COUNSELLOR: - One who is professionally trained and qualified to provide
help toward solving the problem of a trouble person who cannot cope with his
problem alone and need a qualified person to
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